GRE - Tip for Analogies

ANALOGIES

A). SYNONYMS - Synonyms are words that have similar meanings. True synonyms are from the same part of speech.

However, we will also classify as synonyms words which have similar meaning but come from different parts of speech,
for example: UNRULY (adjective) : LAWLESSNESS (noun).

Example: PERSPICACIOUS : INSIGHT ::
(A) ardent : quickness
(B) warm : temperature
(C) wealthy : scarcity
(D) rapacious : magnanimity
(E) churlish : enmity

PERSPICACIOUS and INSIGHT are synonyms, both mean "sharp, keen of mind." Similarly, CHURLISH and ENMITY are synonyms; both mean "dislike, rudeness." The answer is (E).

B). ANTONYMS - Antonyms are words that have opposite meanings. Just as there are few (if any) exact synonyms, there are few (if any) exact antonyms.

In the antonym pair EGOIST : ALTRUISM, an EGOIST is one who thinks only of himself, whereas ALTRUISM is characteristic of one who thinks of all humanity.

Often, however, the antonym pair are direct opposites as in the pair REMAIN : DEPART.

Example: UNPRECEDENTED : PREVIOUS OCCURRENCE ::
(A) naive : harmony
(B) incomparable : equal
(C) improper : vacillation
(D) eccentric : intensity
(E) random : recidivism

UNPRECEDENTED means "without PREVIOUS OCCURRENCE." Similarly, INCOMPARABLE means "without EQUAL." The answer is (B).

Note: In the other answer-pairs there is no clear relationship between the words. Hence, this problem can also be solved by elimination, without even knowing the meanings of the original pair.

C). MEMBER AND CLASS - Member and class analogies are usually easy problems (the first third of an analogy section). In this type of analogy, the first word may be an element of the class that the second word describes, or vice versa. This category can also be classified as "Type Of."

Example: SNAKE : INVERTEBRATE ::
(A) dolphin : fish
(B) eagle : talon
(C) boa constrictor : backbone
(D) penguin : bird
(E) bat : insect

A SNAKE is a type of INVERTEBRATE; likewise a PENGUIN is a type of BIRD. The answer is (D).
Beware of choice (C). It's an eye-catcher. Although a BOA CONSTRICTOR is a SNAKE, it, like all snakes, does not have a BACKBONE.

D). DEGREE OF INTENSITY - The writers of the GRE consider these problems to be hard. However, once you get used to them, they can become routine. In a degree-of-intensity analogy, the two words express a similar concept, but one word is stronger, harsher, or more intense than the other.

Example: INTEREST : OBSESSION ::
(A) faith : caprice
(B) nonchalance : insouciance
(C) diligence : assiduity
(D) decimation : annihilation
(E) alacrity: procrastination

OBSESSION is extreme, unending INTEREST. Similarly, ANNIHILATION is complete DECIMATION. The answer is (D).

Note, DECIMATION does not mean complete destruction; it literally means the destruction of one tenth of a population. By extension, it means widespread, but not complete, destruction.

Note, the degree of intensity in the answer-pair must be the same as in the original pair. In the pair INTEREST : OBSESSION the degree of intensity is from moderate to extreme; the same is true of the pair DECIMATION: ANNIHILATION .

E). PART TO WHOLE - In this type of analogy, the first word is part of the second word. The order can also be whole to part.

Example: ACTORS : TROUPE ::
(A) plotters : cabal
(B) professors : tenure
(C) workers : bourgeoisie
(D) diplomats : government
(E) directors : cast

A TROUPE is a group of ACTORS. Similarly, a CABAL is a group of PLOTTERS. The answer is (A).

Be wary of the pair DIRECTORS : CAST it's an eye-catcher: CAST reminds one of TROUPE. In fact, a TROUPE is a CAST.

F). DEFINITION - This is probably the most common type of analogy problem. In a definitional analogy one of the words can be used to define the other.

Example: COFFER : VALUABLES ::
(A) mountain : avalanche
(B) book : paper
(C) vault : trifles
(D) sanctuary : refuge
(E) sea : waves

By definition, a coffer is a container in which to store valuables. Similarly, a SANCTUARY is by definition a place of REFUGE. The answer is (D).

Sometimes the definition is only partial: stating only one of the characteristics of the word.

Example: LION : CARNIVORE ::
(A) man : vegetarian
(B) ape : ponderer
(C) lizard : mammal
(D) buffalo : omnivore
(E) shark : scavenger

A defining characteristic of a LION is that it is CARNIVOROUS, meat-eating. Similarly, a defining characteristic of a SHARK is that it is a SCAVENGER. The answer is (E).

G). LACK OF - This sub-category of the definition type of analogy is important and common enough to warrant a name. In this type of analogy one word describes the absence of the other word.

Example: DISHEARTENED : HOPE ::
(A) enervated : ennui
(B) buoyant : effervescence
(C) amoral : ethics
(D) munificent : altruism
(E) nefarious : turpitude

DISHEARTENED means without HOPE. Likewise, AMORAL means without ETHICS. The answer is (C). Note, AMORAL does not mean immoral. If you commit an AMORAL act, you are not aware that you actions are unethical; whereas if you commit an immoral act, then you realize that your actions are wrong.

H). MANNER - This type of analogy describes the manner, way, or style by which an action is accomplished.

Example: PRATTLE : SPEAK ::
(A) accept : reject
(B) stomp : patter
(C) heed : listen
(D) promenade : walk
(E) ejaculate : shout

PRATTLE means to SPEAK in an idle, casual manner. Similarly, PROMENADE means to WALK in a casual manner. The answer is (D).

Note, the pair EJACULATE : SHOUT is an eye-catcher since both words describe a manner of speaking.

I). FUNCTION - This type of analogy describes the purpose or function of something.

Example: MNEMONIC : MEMORY ::
(A) demonstration : manifestation
(B) pacemaker : heartbeat
(C) sanction : recall
(D) rhetoric : treatise
(E) impasse : fruition

A MNEMONIC functions to aid MEMORY. Similarly, a PACEMAKER aids in the regulation of one's HEARTBEAT. The answer is (B).

J). ACTION & SIGNIFICANCE In this type of analogy one word describes an action and the other word indicates the significance of the action.

Example: CURTSY : REVERENCE ::
(A) assume : disguise
(B) bestir : deferment
(C) fret : contentment
(D) forgo : diversion
(E) fidget : uneasiness

A CURTSY (bow) is a sign of REVERENCE. Similarly, FIDGETING is a sign of UNEASINESS The answer is (E).

K). PERTAINING TO - In this type of analogy, one word refers to the category or class the other word belongs to. An example will illustrate.

Example: DIDACTIC : TEACH ::
(A) specious : revile
(B) cunning : steal
(C) forensic : debate
(D) troubled : broach
(E) puissant : injure

DIDACTIC refers to the teaching process. Similarly, FORENSIC refers to the debating process. The answer is (C).

L). SYMBOL & REPRESENTATION - In this type of analogy, one word stands for or represents a concept, action, or thing. An example will illustrate.

Example: CARET : INSERT::
(A) colon : sever
(B) pie : exponentiate
(C) gun : lance
(D) period : stop
(E) scalpel : delete

A CARET (^) is an editing symbol that indicates where a word should be INSERTED. Similarly, a PERIOD is a grammatical symbol indicating a STOP. The answer is (D).

GRE Math Section - Part 3

GRE Math - Data Interpretation :-

This is the toughest section in GRE Math. Many have poor Math scores because of the high difficulty of Data intreptation GRE questions. Practice with lots of tough DI questions to do get a good GRE Math score. Data interpretation in GRE Math section measures your ability to:

• Read and interpret data
• Perform statistical calculations on the data provided

The data interpretation questions in GRE Math usually appear in sets and are based on data presented in tables or graphs.

GRE Math - Data Interpretation Strategies :

• Look carefully at the data and understand how it's presented
• Try to make visual comparisons and estimate products and quotients rather than perform computations.
• For graphs, pay attention to the scales as well as read any accompanying notes
• Answer questions only on the basis of data given.

GRE Math - Data Interpretation GRE Sample question :

In which of the following years did the number of graduate student applications increase the most from that of the previous year?

A. 1985
B. 1986
C. 1988
D. 1990
E. 1991

Answer: B

GRE Math Section - Part 2

• GRE Math - Quantitative Comparisons
• GRE Math - Problem Solving
• GRE Math - Data Interpretation

GRE Math - Quantitative Comparisons :-

Quantitative comparison in GRE Math measures your ability to:

• Determine the relative sizes of two quantities
• Perceive that not enough information is provided to make such a decision

GRE Math - Quantitative comparison Strategies :-

• Convert algebraic expressions to a standard form in order to compare them.
• Avoid performing needless calculations, such as trying to decide how much larger or smaller one quantity is than the other.
• Don't assume that all variables represent positive integers - be aware of negative numbers, fractions, and zero as possible numbers.
• Geometric figures aren't always drawn to scale, so don't make assumptions simply based on the appearance of a figure shown.

GRE Math - Quantitative comparison GRE Sample question :-

7x² = 21

Column A Column B

x 2

A. The quantity in Column A is greater
B. The quantity in Column B is greater
C. The two quantities are equal
D. The relationship cannot be determined from the information given

Answer: B

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GRE Math - Problem Solving :-

Problem solving questions in GRE Math section test your:

• Knowledge of maths involving percentages, simultaneous equations, polygons, probability, etc.
• Ability to read, understand, and solve problems quickly and accurately

Each of the questions GRE Math problem solving is followed by five answer choices. You have to select the best of the answer options given.

GRE Math - Problem solving Strategies :

• Determine what is given and what is being asked
• Scan options to decide the level of approximation required
• Avoid long computations
• Scan all options before answering a question

GRE Math - Problem solving GRE Sample question :

In the fig shown, if CP=BP and x=120, then y=

A. 30
B. 45
C. 60
D. 75
E. 90

Answer: C

Continue.............

GRE Math Section

GRE Math Section

In the GRE Math section, questions can be classified into the following categories :

GRE Math - Arithmetic

Questions involve

• Arithmetic operations
• Powers
• Operations on radical expressions
• Estimation
• Percent
• Absolute value
• Properties of numbers (e.g. divisibility, prime numbers, odd and even integers)
• Factoring

GRE Math - Algebra
Questions involve

• Rules of exponents
• Factoring and simplifying algebraic expressions
• Understanding concepts of relations and functions
• Solving first and second degree equations and inequalities
• Solving simultaneous equations
• Setting up equations to solve word problems
• Applying basic algebra skills to solve problems

GRE Math- Geometry
Questions involve properties of

• Parallel lines
• Circles and their inscribed central angles
• Triangles
• Rectangles
• Other polygons
• Area
• Perimeter
• Volume
• Pythagoras theorem
• Angle measure in degrees
• Simple coordinate geometry (including slopes, intercepts, and inequalities)

GRE Math - Data Analysis
Questions involve

• Elementary probability
• Basic descriptive statistics
• Mean
• Median
• Mode
• Range
• Standard deviation
• Percentiles
• Interpretation of data in graphs and tables
• Line graphs
• Bar graphs
• Circle graphs
• Frequency distributions

Continue.......................

Guide to use of Score

Here is the following link how you can use GRE score.

http://www.ets.org/Media/Tests/GRE/pdf/994994.pdf

Test Content

Computer-Based General Test Content and Structure

The computer-based General Test is composed of Verbal Reasoning, Quantitative Reasoning and Analytical Writing sections. In addition, one unidentified unscored section may be included, and this section can appear in any position in the test after the Analytical Writing Section. Questions in the unscored section are being tested for possible use in future tests, and answers will not count toward your scores.

Total testing time is up to three hours, not including the research section. The directions at the beginning of each section specify the total number of questions in the section and the time allowed for the section.

The Analytical Writing section is always first. For the Issue task, two topics will be presented and you will choose one. The Argument task does not present a choice of topics; instead, one topic will be presented.

The Verbal and Quantitative sections may appear in any order, including an unidentified unscored section. Treat each section presented during your test as if it counts.

Typical Computer-Based GRE® General Test

Section	Number of Questions	Time
Analytical Writing	1 Issue Task*	45 minutes
Analytical Writing	1 Argument Task*	30 minutes
Verbal	30	30 minutes
Quantitative	28	45 minutes
Unscored**	Varies	Varies
Research***	Varies	Varies

* For the Issue task, two essay topics are presented and you choose one. The Argument task does not present a choice of topics; instead one topic is presented.
** An unidentified unscored section may be included and may appear in any order after the Analytical Writing section. It is not counted as part of your score.
*** An identified research section that is not scored may be included, and it is always at the end of the test.

Overview of GRE General Test

GRE® General Test Overview

What Is It?

The GRE® General Test measures verbal reasoning, quantitative reasoning, critical thinking, and analytical writing skills that are not related to any specific field of study.

Verbal Reasoning — The skills measured include the test taker's ability to

• analyze and evaluate written material and synthesize information obtained from it
• analyze relationships among component parts of sentences
• recognize relationships between words and concepts

Quantitative Reasoning — The skills measured include the test taker's ability to

• understand basic concepts of arithmetic, algebra, geometry, and data analysis
• reason quantitatively
• solve problems in a quantitative setting

Analytical Writing — The skills measured include the test taker's ability to

• articulate complex ideas clearly and effectively
• examine claims and accompanying evidence
• support ideas with relevant reasons and examples
• sustain a well-focused, coherent discussion
• control the elements of standard written English

Who Takes It and Why?

Prospective graduate applicants take the General Test. GRE® test scores are used by admissions or fellowship panels to supplement undergraduate records and other qualifications for graduate study. The scores provide common measures for comparing the qualifications of applicants and aid in evaluating grades and recommendations.

Where Do People Take It?

The General Test is offered year-round at computer-based test centers in the U.S., Canada, and many other countries. It is offered at paper-based test centers in areas of the world where computer-based testing is not available. See which format is available in the area.

Who Accepts It?

Any accredited graduate, business or professional school, or any department or division within a school, may require or recommend that its applicants take the General Test, a Subject Test, or both. If approved by the GRE® Board, an institution seeking accreditation can also receive test takers' scores.

What is GRE?

GRE^® – Graduate Record Examinations^®

The Graduate Record Examinations® (GRE®) General Test measures verbal reasoning, quantitative reasoning, and critical thinking and analytical writing skills. The GRE® Subject Tests gauge undergraduate achievement in 8 specific fields of study.

You can learn more from http://www.gre.org or http://www.ets.org.

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